Everything About Work

Jobs AI cannot take

All sixty professions ranked by how much of the work resists automation — and the reasoning behind each score.

Every profession on this site, ranked by how much of its actual work resists automation. The score is reasoned from tasks rather than job titles: a role is only as safe as the parts of it a machine cannot yet do, and no title is protected by prestige alone.

🫀
Surgeon
92 / 100
1
💉
Nurse
91 / 100
2
⚖️
Judge
90 / 100
3

The full ranking

1 🫀 SurgeonMedicine & Life 92Very low 2 💉 NurseMedicine & Life 91Very low 3 ⚖️ JudgeLaw & Public Service 90Very low 4 🚒 FirefighterLaw & Public Service 90Very low 5 🚀 EntrepreneurBusiness & Finance 88Very low 6 🪚 CarpenterCraft & Trade 88Low 7 🏔️ Mountain GuideFrontier & Field 88Very low 8 🏅 AthleteMedia & Performance 88Very low 9 🧩 PsychologistEducation & Humanities 82Low 10 🔥 BlacksmithCraft & Trade 82Low 11 WatchmakerCraft & Trade 80Low 12 🐾 VeterinarianMedicine & Life 78Low 13 🕊️ DiplomatLaw & Public Service 78Low 14 🏗️ ArchitectArts & Creation 78Low 15 🏫 TeacherEducation & Humanities 78Low 16 🍳 ChefCraft & Trade 78Low 17 🧵 TailorCraft & Trade 78Low 18 🏺 ArchaeologistFrontier & Field 78Low 19 🎓 ProfessorEducation & Humanities 76Low 20 🛰️ Aerospace EngineerEngineering & Technology 74Low 21 🖌️ PainterArts & Creation 74Low 22 👨‍🚀 AstronautFrontier & Field 74Low 23 🕹️ Esports ProMedia & Performance 74Low 24 🧠 PsychiatristMedicine & Life 73Low 25 🎬 Film DirectorArts & Creation 73Moderate 26 🌉 Civil EngineerEngineering & Technology 72Low 27 🍷 SommelierCraft & Trade 72Low–moderate 28 ✈️ PilotFrontier & Field 72Moderate 29 🌾 FarmerFrontier & Field 72Moderate–low 30 🧪 ChemistScience & Research 70Moderate 31 🔭 AstronomerScience & Research 70Low–moderate 32 🧮 MathematicianScience & Research 70Moderate 33 📜 HistorianEducation & Humanities 70Moderate 34 🎭 ActorMedia & Performance 70Moderate 35 🩺 PhysicianMedicine & Life 67Moderate 36 🚓 Police OfficerLaw & Public Service 66Moderate 37 🦾 Robotics EngineerEngineering & Technology 65Moderate 38 ⚛️ PhysicistScience & Research 65Moderate 39 🎮 Game DesignerArts & Creation 65Moderate 40 Ship CaptainFrontier & Field 65Moderate 41 🧬 BiologistScience & Research 64Moderate 42 ✍️ NovelistArts & Creation 62Moderate 43 💱 EconomistBusiness & Finance 62Moderate 44 🔌 Semiconductor EngineerEngineering & Technology 60Moderate 45 🎻 MusicianArts & Creation 60Moderate 46 💊 PharmacistMedicine & Life 58Moderate 47 👔 LawyerLaw & Public Service 58Moderate 48 📰 JournalistMedia & Performance 58Moderate 49 🎞️ AnimatorMedia & Performance 56Moderate 50 📖 LibrarianEducation & Humanities 55Moderate 51 📷 PhotographerMedia & Performance 55Moderate 52 🤖 AI ResearcherEngineering & Technology 50Moderate 53 🗺️ Product ManagerBusiness & Finance 50Moderate 54 📋 Civil ServantLaw & Public Service 42High 55 💹 Investment BankerBusiness & Finance 42High 56 📊 Data ScientistScience & Research 38High 57 📣 MarketerBusiness & Finance 38High 58 💻 Software EngineerEngineering & Technology 35High 59 🧾 AccountantBusiness & Finance 35High 60 🌐 TranslatorEducation & Humanities 28High

Scores are editorial judgements anchored to the task breakdown on each profession's AI page, not forecasts.